Underground mining techniques pdf

Types of underground mining and their applications youtube. System analysis and simulation of narrow vein mining method with underground preconcentration mario morin, andrew bamber, malcolm scoble department of mining engineering. The choice of an underground mining method depends on a range of factors and these include. Abstract the application of underground preconcentration technology to narrow vein mining has the potential to change the. Types of underground mining and their applications duration. By the new stone age,humans had progressed to underground mining in systematic openings 2 to 3 ft 0. Underground mining hard rock underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals such as those containing metals like gold, copper, zinc, nickel and lead or gems such as diamonds. It set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shear er mounted on convey or operating. Requirements prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, some experience in underground mine design is helpful, but not required. Room and pillar mining in this method, mining is carried out in an ore deposit, leaving behind some of the ore in the form of columns to support the roof and prevent it from collapsing.

Here are the types of underground mining and their. When petitioners used to come for information to the table at which i sat, i used to grind my teeth at them, and felt intense enjoyment when i succeeded in making anybody unhappy. Surface mining can be accomplished by the following main methods. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Exploring abandoned mines and unusual places 1,667,926 views. Figure f1 schematic of a roomandpillar coal mine section. Counting against underground mining are the costs, which, for each ton of material mined, are much higher underground than on the.

Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in. To name a mineral prospect an ore body requires more information than needed to establish metal grades. In his keynote at massmin 2016, fidel baez nunez, head of technology and innovation at. Pdf mining methods underground mining mayra garcia.

However, ever since the introduction of continuous miners in the late 1940s, roomandpillar continuous mining has been gaining ground over conventional roomandpillar mining. Hardrock mining techniquesunderground minesminings method. System analysis and simulation of narrow vein mining. Local conditions will form the basis for choosing the appropriate mining method.

Purchase underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition. Underground construction techniques civil engineering. Includes descriptions of stope mining, block caving, room and pillar mining and longwall mining. Notes from the underground scratch it out on purpose. Underground mining systems mine 205 yi luo page 3 of 3 students are exposed to the scientific concepts, problem formulation approaches, mathematical tools, solution techniques and applicable computer software involved in designing many components of the underground mining systems. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions. These are the methodstechniques employed when the depth of the deposit,the stripping ratio of the overburden to. Ramps inclined tunnels are excavated to connect the surface to the underground orebody. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss effective for smallscale operations. Engineering fundamentals and international case studies presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. The work presents only briefly elements of underground mining technology. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization.

Sufficient knowledge of the mineral deposit, mining. A manual of underground surveying civil engineering. The most common underground large opening mines are underground stone mines followed by underground rock salt mines. More than 40 chapters covering such underground mining topics as sampling, planning, reserve analysis, cost calculations, various methods of support, block and panel caving, and sublevel caving make up this comprehensive text. Surface mining tt coal produced underground mining tt coal produced mining techniques contour area conventional longwall liquid effluents 0. Underground mining in porgera employ a unique mining method known as avoca mining. Longwall mining is a highly mechaniz ed underground mining sys tem for mining coal. Pdf underground mining methods download full pdf book. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are.

The mining rate includes the mining of both waste and ore. Ore grade determination techniques ore grade is the single key variable in establishing mine economics. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner. When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes prohibitive, and underground techniques must be considered. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. Furthermore, the paper describes concepts that can be incorporated into the overall ventilation design of these mines.

Underground mine design in surpac vision mining and blasting. Includes a table listing environmental impacts of underground mining and describing how each impact is managed. For the most part they were all timid peopleof course, they were petitioners. Click download or read online button to get techniques in underground mining book now. It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. Environmental analysis and planning considerations by f. Porgera underground mine and its mining methods basic. Download complete pdf of the porgera underground mine and its mining method.

Soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as salt, coal. Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as the methods used to extrac t sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drillholes or in dumps or heap s on the surface. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Future mining underground encompasses everything from haulage to mine planning to networks, and is an area where all the major mining companies and many of the smaller ones are focussing, both to maximise production efficiency and increase safety. In contrast soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as coal, or oil sands. The actual difference between surface and underground mining. Students describe some techniques of underground mining.

This section will cover some terms used in this tutorial and some basic concepts of underground mine design. This book consists of selected material from the outofprint industry standard, underground mining methods handbook. Underground construction has been around for thousands of years, mostly developed through mining and more recently through transport, housing and commercial industries. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. The channel tunnel, london underground, british library, and various shopping centre are all examples of underground construction. Most bauxite, iron, and copper ore is mined by open pit techniques, lead and zinc ore are principally extracted by underground mining. The editor gratefully acknowledges extracts from underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and international case studies by william a. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st. Mineral exploitation in which all the extraction is carried out beneath the surface of earth. Surface mining is discussed in detail, especially coal and lignite mining. This method is called underground mining, whose types are explained below. Techniques in underground mining download ebook pdf. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies.